The Legacy Of Fukashima
These mutant daisies are appearing around the wreak of the Fukashima Daiichi power station.
In March 2011 Japan was struck by a massive 9.0 quake. The Fukashina (BWR) boiling water reactors survived the earthquakes- one of the most massive in world history. The reactors scrammed and shut down- everything was working as it was supposed to until a massive tsunami struck the plant and wiped out the plants emergency power supply.
Without power, the reactor cooling systems failed and the radiation and temperature in the reactor cores soared. Water got so hot that the oxygen and hydrogen separated and accumulated to dangerous levels and eventually exploded. One by one reactors 1 through 4 were destroyed by run-away nuclear reactions releasing massive amounts of radiation.
It's been over four years and no one, NO ONE has a clue how to clean up the site. TEPCO's plan, the operating company, most optimistic plan takes forty years and requires that new technology be developed.
The Fukashima disaster is not over. It won't be for a very long time. In fact, it is constantly leaking radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean.
Many people would point at Fukashima as a reason why nuclear power should go. I think this needs a qualifier: nuclear power in its current form should go. Today's nuclear plants are based on the Uranium fuel cycle. It messy, very radioactive and creates tons of highly radioactive waste that we have no idea what to do with.
Why Uranium? In the 1950s when the USSR and the United States were designing the first commercial nuclear power plants there were two main directions that they could have turned: Uranium or Thorium.
The reason that the decision was made to pursue Uranium based designs is that it supported the nuclear weapons arsenals that both sides in the Cold War were building. By having those reactors available, they could be modified to create the highly enriched Uranium that was required for nuclear weapons.
Uranium based reactors were fairly easy to design and build. The fuel was easily refined but there were serious drawbacks. They create a lot of radioactive wastes. The early designs were dangerous. The biggest problem is that while there is a high level of safety and reliability, when things go wrong, they go wrong in a very big way.
The Thorium Question? With our energy and environmental problems, nuclear power supplies 20% of the American power grid. We are not in a position where we can simply turn them off and call it a day. Nothing that we know of offers the bang for the buck and doesn't create massive amounts of CO2 emissions. We are between a rock and a hard place. We can NOT go forward with Uranium plants. They are just too dangerous.
So.. we have to take a long look at Thorium based reactors. Everything about the Thorium fuel cycle is different. Thorium burns cleaner, doesn't create nearly as much waste and the reactor designs are much safer. Furthermore- Thorium can not be weaponized. Prototype Thorium reactors are operating in China, India and the United States and all signs are that over the next decade production reactors will be available to replace the aging Uranium based reactors that are being decommissioned.
It won't happen overnight but expect to see our legacy of dangerous Cold War legacy reactors going the way of modems and floppy disks. We no longer need thousands of nuclear weapons, nor do we need the infrastructure to build more. It's time to put the evil genie of Uranium based nuclear power back in the bottle forever.
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