The word "captious" originates from Latin and comes through Middle French to English.  Ultimately, the word "captious" derives from the Latin captiosus, meaning "deceptive" or "fallacious", which itself comes from captio ("a seizing," "deception").  The root verb is capere, meaning "to seize" or "to catch", and connects to the English words "caption" and "capture".  The word captious was borrowed into Middle English through the Middle French word captieux. 

According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the earliest known use of the word "captious" in English was around 1380 in the English Wycliffite Sermons.

Examples of "captious" in a sentence: 
"I do not want to be captious, but desire the public to understand the facts." 
"He had a captious attitude that annoyed his friends." 
"The teacher disliked captious students who always questioned small details." 
"His captious tendencies prevented him from appreciating the artwork's beauty." 
"The captious professor constantly found minor mistakes in students' essays." 
"His captious review of the play focused solely on minor script flaws rather than the stellar performances." 
"I wish you'd learn to put the caps back on things properly when you're finished using them,” she said in a tone she fully meant to sound captious.