Yes. "Thongs" is one of those examples. In Australia, it means rubber sandals with the piece between your big toe and the next toe. In Britain you may be mistaken to be talking about a G-string. They use "flip-flop". Even in New Zealand they may use "Jandal".
Australians tend to use "chips" for both hot deep fried cut up potatoes called "French fries" or just "fries" in the USA, as well as the thinly sliced potatoes that come in a packet, called "crisps" in Britain. Though if you said "potato crisps" or "fries" we would know what you are talking about.
There was a campaign in Sydney recently where posters were put up on busses and in railway stations warning "Don't be a Tosser". The campaign was anti-littering, but it was also making reference to the word "tosser" as an insult. However "tosser" meaning "wanker" (masturbator) is really British slang, not Australian. So it was an interesting use of the word "tosser", that I think relied on Australians being familiar with the meaning of the word in British slang as well as the literal meaning.