The word "metaphor" originates from the Breek word "metaphora", which means "transfer" or "carry over".  It is derived from the Greek verb "metapherein", meaning "to transfer" or "to carry over". This verb itself is a combination of "meta" (meaning "over" or "beyond") and "pherein" (meaning "to carry"). So, etymologically, a metaphor involves "carrying something over" from one concept or object to another.  

 

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "metaphor" first appeared in English before 1500, specifically in the writings of Thomas Norton, an alchemist. 

 

Example of a "metaphor":

"The world is a stage, and we are all merely players."  Shakespeare 

"He is a lion when he comes to the field." 
"Phoebe is a nightingale. Everyone waited eagerly for her to come up on stage."
"My mom has a heart of gold." 
"My friend's sister, Sharon, is a night owl." 
"My hands were icicles because of the cold weather."