Bill W

"Liminal" originates from the Latin work limen, meaning "threshold", "sill", or cross-piece". Appearing in English around 1870, it relates to being on a threshold, describing transitional, in-between, or boundary spaces/states. It refers to the initial stage of a process or a position on the cusp of change. The term was used in 19th-century psychology to define the threshold of conscious perception (the limit beyond which a sensation cannot be perceived). Liminal represents a state of ambiguity or transition, such as the period between sleeping and waking, or a, "liminal space" like a corridor or airport terminal. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest known use of the adjective liminal in English is from 1875. It appeared in a translation by A. Gamgee, derived from the Latin līmin- (threshold). While often associated with modern anthropological, psychological, and metaphorical contexts, the term has been in use since this late 19th-century citation. Other Related Terms: Subliminal: Below the threshold (below consciousness). The earliest known use of the word subliminal first used in English is from 1883. Eliminate: To cast out (literally, to put out over the threshold). The earliest known use of the verb eliminate in English is from 1568. Preliminary: Pre-threshold (introductory). The earliest known use of the word preliminary in English is from the mid-1600s. Liminality: A term in anthropology for the transitional phase of a rite of passage. The earliest known use of the noun liminality in English is from 1964.

This is mine and you can't have it.

Authenticity in writing is the practice of being honest to oneself, one's voice, and the emotional truth of a story, rather than focusing solely on gimmicks, trends, or mimicking others. It is exxential for creating lasting, engaging stories that resonate with readers on a human level. The importance of authenticity in writing stories: Builds Deeper Reader Connection and Trust: Relatability: Authentic stories allow readers to see themselves in the words, fostering a deeper, more emotional connection. Emotional Resonance: Raw, honest, and vulnerable writing enables readers to feel the story rather than just read it, making it more memorable. Trustworthiness: Readers can immediately spot when a writer is trying too hard or being disingenuous; authenticity builds the trust necessary to keep them engaged. Creates Memorable and Unique Content: Stands Out: Authentic writing is a true differentiator that makes a story unique in a crowded market. Avoids "Vanilla" Content: It helps writers avoid generic, unmemorable, and AI-generated content by injecting personal, lived experience and a unique voice. Honors Individual Perspective: It emphasizes that the writer's specific perspective and voice are more valuable than trying to create an objectively "original" plot. Provides Creative Freedom and Sustainability: Combats Burnout: Writing authentically is more sustainable, as it allows writers to work from the heart rather than forcing a persona that doesn't feel natural. Reduces Fear of Judgment: When a writer embraces their own voice and quirks, they are freed from the pressure of perfectionism. Clarity of Voice: It helps writers find their "voice" making it easier to navigate the writing process, even during difficult, personal topics. Enhances Story Depth and Cohesion: Grounded Characters: Authentic writing helps create characters with believable, multi-dimensional, and relatable flaws. Emotional Consistency: It allows for a consistent, coherent narrative that, even if not highly original in plot, feels real. Internal Consistency: It ensures that character behaviors and world-building align, preventing plot holes. Essential for Ethical and Respectful Representation: Avoids Stereotypes: Authenticity involves researching deeply to avoid generic or stereotypical representations, especially when writing about cultures or experiences outside one's own. Respectful Portrayal: It ensures characters are treated with respect, allowing them to have depth beyond their, for example, cultural or economic status. Authenticity is not about being unpolished; it is about showing up as your real self, being vulnerable, and sharing stories that matter to both you and your audience.

"Authentic" derives from the Greek authentikos ("original, genuine, principal"), rooted in authentes ("one acting on one's own authority" a master or "doer"). It entered Middle English (14c.) from Old French autentique and Medieval Latin authenticus, originally meaning "authoritative" or "duly authorized". The term moved from meaning a person with absolute power or authority (sometimes referring to a murderer or perpetrator in early Greek) to meaning a document that is authoritative or genuine. The word encapsulates the idea of something being "self-authored" or "originating from the source". According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) the adjective authentic was first used in English during the Middle English period (1150-1500) , with the earliest evidence dating to approximately 1340. Another source notes that the verb form appeared around 1425 in Apology for Lollard Doctrines. The noun authenticity appeared much later, in the early 1700s, while authenticate appeared in the mid-1500s.

I'll be the first to answer, and 'no', I don't bake. Like you, baking makes the temptation of eating too great, so I avoid the latter by avoiding the former. March ushers in March Madness and St. Patrick's Day, so many of us should be smiling. You have to like one or the other, don't you? If not, there's always the Vernal Equinox on March 20th - the first day of spring, so there must be something about March that will bring a smile to your face.

My question is, who caused the collision that Bradbury benefitted from?

Collision—often referred to as conflict, opposition, or the "clash of ideas"—is essential in storytelling because it serves as the engine that drives the plot, develops characters, and keeps the readers engaged. It is defined as the tension that arises when a character's goals meet resistance, forcing them to act and evolve. Without this collision, a story lacks necessary stakes and becomes a stagnant, uninteresting narrative. The importance of collision in writing stories: Driving the Plot and Creating Momentum: The "Engine" of the Story: Collision introduces obstacles that force characters to make decisions, propelling the narrative forward. Preventing Monotony: It turns a simple sequence of events into a compelling journey by ensuring every scene carries weight. Raising Stakes: A powerful collision between opposing forces (such as opposing character goals or beliefs) creates high stakes, making the reader invested in the outcome. Developing Characters and Depth: Revealing Character: Collision tests characters, forcing them to confront fears, weaknesses, and limitations, which reveals their true nature. Forcing Change: Characters grow and transform when forced to adapt to challenges, rather than remaining static. Internal vs. External: Collision isn't just physical; it includes internal, emotional, and psychological conflicts that add layers to a story. Enhancing Reader Engagement: Generating Tension and Suspense: When readers feel tension, they stay invested in seeing how the conflict is resolved. Creating Empathy: Readers connect with characters who are struggling to overcome difficult, realistic situations. Unpredictability: A well-placed collision or unexpected twist keeps the story fresh and avoids clichéd, predictable plotlines. Defining Theme and Meaning: Exploring Ideas: Stories often emerge from the collision of two or more, sometimes contradictory, ideas. Highlighting Core Themes: The obstacles characters face help highlight the central ideas or messages of the work. Types of Collision: Character vs. Character: Opposing goals (e.g., protagonist vs. antagonist). Character vs. Self: Internal struggles with morality, fear, or doubt. Character vs. Nature/Society: Battling external forces or systemic issues. Idea Collision: Transplanting elements (like a character or situation) into an unexpected or "wrong" venue. Techniques for Using Collision: Ensure Every Scene Has Conflict: Even in calm scenes, tension can arise from subtext or hidden agendas. Raise the Stakes: Make the consequences of failure high. Use Foils: Introduce characters who naturally push the protagonist's buttons to create natural, rather than forced, conflict. Collision (or conflict) is the "magic sauce" that transforms a simple, mundane, or "ho-hum" story into one that is engaging, emotional, and memorable.

"Collision" originated in the early 15th century from the Latin collisiō (nominative collisio), meaning "a dashing together", referring to the action of striking. It is derived from collidere ("to strike together"). It combines com- ("together") and laedere ("to hurt or strike"). The term signifies a violent impact or clash, frequently used for moving objects. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the noun collision was first used in English during the Middle English period (1150—1500). The earliest known evidence for the word in the OED is from before 1475, appearing in R. Higden's Polychronicon. The verb collide came later, in the 1620s.

I'm focusing on Secrets right now, but I'm hoping to return to this story as soon as I can.

A "taut" story is one that is tightly constructed, possessing high narrative tension, pacing, and focus, with little to no filler. It is essential for engaging readers because it maintains a "fictional dream" that feels urgent and suspenseful, compelling them to keep turning pages to reach a resolution. Importance of a taut, well-structured story: Sustains Reader Engagement: A taut narrative keeps the reader on the edge of their seat by maintaining a constant, underlying feeling of unease and curiosity. Without this, stories can feel flat, lifeless, and easy for readers to put down. Drives the Plot Forward: Taut writing uses conflict as a, engine, ensuring that every scene moves the plot forward, increases stakes, or reveals something new about the characters. It eliminates "nattering" or unnecessary, stagnant scenes. Builds Emotional Investment: By creating a "taut chord" of anticipation from the first line to the last, writers create a strong emotional connection between the audience and the characters, making the reader care deeply about the outcome. Manages Pacing and Tension: A taut story controls the flow of information, using short, punchy sentences and scenes to create adrenaline, or slow, deliberate"quiet" tension to create dread. It balances the "release" of tension with the build-up of suspense. Raises Stakes: Tautness implies high stakes, where characters face significant, sometimes life-altering consequences for failure. This makes the story feel urgent and important to the characters, and by extension, the reader. Techniques for Keeping a Story Taut: Compressing Time: Using a "ticking clock" to create pressure. Conflict and Obstacles: Ensuring the protagonist is continuously thwarted. Concise Writing: Using strong verbs and specific nouns rather than over-writing with adjectives. Effective Chapter "Buttons": Ending scenes on a note that forces the reader to turn the page.

Taut, meaning stretched or pulled tight, originated in Middle English as tohte or tought around the 13th-14th century, likely derived from a variant of "tough" or the Old English word togian (to drag/tow). It is related to "tight" and shares roots with words implying drawing or straining. It may stem from the Proto-Germanic root *theuhanan and the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *deuk- ("to lead" or "to pull"), linking it structurally to "tow" and "tie". While early forms suggested a relationship to pulling, the Oxfore English Dictionary notes that the history of this word is considered somewhat "obscure". Historically, the term was used to describe ropes, sails, or bowstrings that were under tension. It is often confused with the word "taunt" due to similar pronunciation, but they are unrelated in meaning. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the earliest known use of the adjective taut is from around 1275 in The Owl and the Nightingale. It was also used in a poem on the time of Edward II (1325), where it was used to describe things strained or filled to distension. While the adjective is medieval, the verb "taut" (to make taut) appeared much later, in the 1850s.

Anton, thank you for your suggestions and I'll considered closely and do a little more research into that area. However, I believe the boys are looking more toward Texas (Johnson Space Center) and California (NASA Ames Research Cdnter and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We'll see how that goes. As far as Louella is concerned, it might be best for her to stay where she is, since no one is usually at the house in Fort Collins. It's better that she's isolated instead of around others (like a Senior Living Facility, etc.) where there would be more people for her to iritate.

"Fracture" in writing refers to breaking away from traditional linear storytelling, introducing gaps, non-linear timelines, or fragmented perspectives to enhance emotional truth, engagement, and thematic depth. It is crucial for creating, as it allows writers to mirror the complex, often non-sequential way humans experience memory and trauma, while forcing readers to become active participants in assembling the narrative. The importance of fracture in storytelling: Enhances Reader Engagement: Active Participation: By presenting events out of order or leaving gaps (e.g., omitting a crucial scene), authors force readers to actively piece together the narrative. Heightened Suspense: Non-sequential information release keeps the audience guessing and increases curiosity about how events connect. "Kintsugi" Effect: Similar to the art of repairing broken pottery with gold, fracturing a story—revealing imperfections and breaking the narrative—can make the final piece more beautiful and profound. Deepens Character and Emotional Truth: Subjectivity of Experience: Fractured narratives highlight the subjective, often unreliable nature of memory and perception. Revealing Vulnerability: By showing characters in "unhinged," erratic, or weak moments, writers can move past superficial actions to show true, deep emotional responses. Catharsis and Trauma: Fracturing a personal narrative allows writers to process trauma or difficult life events by filtering them through a character, creating emotional distance that allows for more honest exploration without having to relive the trauma directly. Provides Structural Innovation: Breaking Linear Time: Moving away from chronological order (e.g., using "retinal flashes" rather than a strict timeline) allows for a more organic, memory-like, or poetic flow. Thematic Focus: Fragmentation allows a story to develop its energy not just through "what happens next," but through "what it all means". Symbolic Power: A "wound" or structural break in a story can be used to mirror larger thematic questions about love, agency, or societal collapse. Enables Reinterpretation (Fractured Tales): Subverting Expectations: Fractured fairy tales and stories take familiar, traditional narratives and break them apart to re-evaluate them through a modern lens. Cultural Relevance: These stories can update old, simple moral lessons to reflect modern, more complex social, gender, and ethical issues. Practical Applications: "Breaking" Things: Characters and Objects: Intentionally breaking an object, ruining a plan, or causing a physical/emotional injury to a character forces them to react, thus revealing their true personality, resilience, and adaptability. | Increased Stakes: An injury or a broken item often acts as a catalyst for action, creating a new, urgent goal for the character. Fracture allows writers to move beyond simple, linear plots, turning stories into complex, mosaic-like experiences that resonate on deeper emotional and intellectual levels.

The word fracture originates from the Latin fractus, the past participle of frangere (to break or shatter) + -ūra (suffix forming nouns of result/action). It entered Middle English (recorded around 1375–1425) via Middle French. It refers to the breaking or splitting of hard materials. It denotes a breach, rupture, or crack, often implying a brittle material. The term was adopted into medical English to describe broken bones (early 1500s). Related to words like fraction, fractious, and fragile. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the earliest known use of the noun fracture in English is from 1525 in a surgical context in Hieronymus von Brunschwig's Noble Experyence of Veruous Handy Warke of Surgeri. It refers to the breaking of a bone, originating from Middle French and Latin roots, though some sources suggest usage in the early 15th century. First use of the verb form of fracture (to cause a fracture) appeared later, with usages recorded from the early 17th century (implied in 1610s), although the OED states it was in the mid-1700s (specifically 1767).

Thanks, db. I felt that as long as the boys have put so much effort in getting their degrees, the least I could do was to honor their effort. I'm glad you enjoyed this.

Thank you, Anton, I didn't know that some universities were giving more weight to dual majors. Thank you for sharing that with me. By the way, the dual major were for their baccalaureate degree, not a masters degree. Now, the boys will have to look for a job, after they get married and sell some of the baseball cards and coins.

Now that spider does appear to be walking on stilts. I'm not sure if it's an optical illusions of how big it is, but it looks huge compared to its background.

Thanks, TB. I'm glad you are enjoying this story. No, they didn't get Valedictorian or Salutatorian, and that's because I checked to see what the GPA was for those that did receive the honor for the school they were part of, and those were the GPAs I reported in the story for the GPA of those that did receive the honor. It's sad, but they did well.

Resistance in writing operates on two levels: as a social tool to challenge power, injustice, and oppression, and as a psychological obstacle (inertia/fear) that writers must overcome. It acts as a catalyst for transformative, emotional, and authentic work, allowing writers to turn rage, fear, or marginalization into impactful, consciousness-raising literature. Resistance as a Theme/Tool: Challenging Authority: Writing is used to oppose injustice, racism, sexism, and political oppression. Catalyst for Action: It channels anger into, for example, social justice work, fostering empathy and community healing. Authentic Voice: It enables marginalized voices to break silences and document, for example, life in exile or, say, the struggle for liberation. Resistance as an Internal Hurdle: The "Enemy" of Creativity: Resistance (or "the Resistance") is an invisible, universal force that causes fear, procrastination, and self-sabotage. Source of Inertia: It represents the mind's desire to avoid difficult, creative work, grinding projects to a halt. Opportunity for Growth: Overcoming this internal resistance forces writers to build discipline, establish routines, and, for example, create, say, a, for example, meaningful, for example, body of work. How to Overcome Resistance in Writing: Establish Rituals: Create, for example, specific, for example, habits to start writing. Use Low-Stakes Writing: Start with, for example, small, for example, exercises to, for example, bypass fear. Protect Time: Schedule, for example, short, for example, focused writing sessions. Write Through It: Acknowledge the, for example, difficulty and, for example, continue, for example, regardless.

"Resistance" originates from the mid-14th century, derived from Middle English resistence and Old French resistance (earlier resistence), and tracing back to the Latin resistentia ("to stand together). It combines re- (against) with sistere (to stand firm), a reduplicated form of the Proto-Indo-European root *sta- (to stand). Originally referred to moral, political, or physical opposition. By the late 14th century, it was used to describe hindering a moving body. The term was extended in 1939 to describe organized, covert resistance movements. Related words: Resistant, resist, insist, persist, consist, status, and stay. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the noun "resistance" was first used in English during the Middle English period (1150-1500), with the earliest evidence dating to before 1325 in the Statutes of the Realm. The term generally refers to the action of opposing something or a force that acts in opposition, but there are other meanings for the word. Political/Military Sense: The specific sense of "organized covert opposition to an occupying or ruling power" has earlier roots, but this usage became widespread around 1939, and particularly in the context of World War II (e.g., the French Resistance). Related Terms: The verb resist also dates to the Middle English period (around 1400), while resistant (adjective) appeared in the early 1500s. Compound Terms: Specific usages like "passive resistance" are recorded from the early 1700s (1715)

They borrowed a time-turner from Hermione Granger.

Hey, you don't think there have been enough chapters so far? Writing a daily diary could have quadrupled the number of chapters in each book. 🤪

Devin and Michael did their best in college, and with them each have a dual major, they did extremely well. I would have been happy to write two speeches, but alas, I never got the chance. Thanks, Lee. I'm glad you enjjoyed it.

Yes, they did very well and proved that being Valedictorians of their high school classes wasn't a fluke.. The four years of college did seem to go by fast, but at our ages, everything seems to go by fast. 🤣 The wedding should be an interesting time, so we'll see if everyone keeps their cool.

Yes, Chris, they sure did make their parents proud. Let's hope they continue that as they get married.