The Royal Hawaiian government had been recognized by the US, England, and France. It was the first non-European government to get that kind of recognition. Even so, there were illegal occupations by ship captains that had to be undone by the governments involved. None of the three Atlantic governments wanted any of the others to control the valuable central Pacific islands.
But just as with California, immigrants from the US (illegally assisted by the US military) overthrew the legitimate government and installed themselves as a new ‘Republic.’ And just as with California, the new ‘Republic’ petitioned to be admitted to the Union. There was a delay in these plans because the US administration was disinterested in acquiring territory thousands of miles from the US Mainland (with a majority population of non-whites). A change in administrations made Hawaii a US territory.
Similar to how Native American languages were treated on the Mainland, Hawaiian was banned for many decades. The Hawaiian culture was suppressed. There have been efforts to teach children to speak Hawaiian and to bring back the Hawaiian culture (dance, arts, and crafts). Unlike the portrayals on TV and in movies, most Kama’ainas* (Hawaiian residents, not necessarily Native Hawaiians) use relatively few Hawaiian words in every day conversation.
This is why Hawaii is the only state with a Royal Palace in the US. There are still pretenders to the Royal Kingdom. There are a few who want to return Hawaii to independence.
* By the most generous definition, I might be considered to be a Kama’aina because I lived there from when I was a few months old until I was 8. My 3½ year older brother has a similar claim. But my younger brother has a much better claim since he was born there. I look similar to half of the population there. However, I am definitely a Californian, born and raised (with a only short vacation on ‘our’ tropical islands).