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Writing Tip: Grammar Rodeo #7


Renee Stevens

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The hardest part of self-editing is knowing when you're doing something wrong if you don't actually know you're doing something wrong. You might have an inkling and check a reputable source and figure out how to fix your sentence or story, but, other times, you might think you know what you're doing yet still get it wrong. But sometimes we're taught wrong. I think many older authors will recognize these grammar don't rules that are really grammar do rules!

 


Grammar Myths We All Know Wrong

 


Ending a Sentence with a Preposition
First off a preposition is a word that relates time, place, or direction. Basically, everyone knows preposition words like on, over, down, up, but let’s give some examples of each of the basic prepositions you’ll commonly find or use.

 

For Example:
Prepositions with Place: These words link the noun with a particular spot, indicating location or position.
Near: He parked near my car in the lot.
Off: The cat jumped off the counter.
Behind: The extinguisher is behind the door.

 

Prepositions with Time: These words tell us when something is happening.
On: We play jokes on April Fool’s Day.
At: Dinner is at six.
In: Christmas is in December.

 

Prepositions with Direction: These relate to movement of the subject.
Over: We flew over the mountains.
To: We drove to the party.
Across: The ball bounced across the floor.

 

Now, you’ll notice that none of those sentences end with a preposition. But plenty of times a sentence can end with a preposition and still be correct. The myth that it is “proper English” not to do so comes from severely outdated rules that apply to Latin contructs. Well… we don’t speak Latin anymore, and the English language is constantly evolving. It is unnecessary formal to always bury the preposition inside a sentence.

 

For example:

 

The little boy had no one to play with vs. The little boy had no one with whom to play.
Who were you talking to? vs. To whom were you talking?
There’s nothing to be scared of vs. There’s nothing of which to be scared.

 

Which would you use? Which sounds more natural? Of course, most of the time you can find a way to place the preposition within the sentence, but if you can’t, don’t worry about it! Go ahead and drop it at the end of a sentence and move on!

 

Beginning a Sentence with a Conjunction
I bet students who had this rule drummed into them as kids caught my gaffe earlier in this post where I used ‘But’ to begin a sentence. It wasn’t a mistake though, because it isn't actually improper grammar. This is something that I was corrected on and smacked hands over a few years back before I learned better. Let's see how authors have been ignoring this so-called ‘rule’ for forever.

 

For Example:

 

In a Romeo and Juliet the play begins with two Capulet men having a discussion in Verona where this so called ‘rule’ is ignored:
Sampson says, “I strike quickly, being moved.”
Gregory says, “But thou are not quickly moved to strike.”

 

The first pages of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has:
I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. But Tom Sawyer he hunted me up and said he was going to start a band of robbers, and I might join if I would go back to the widow and be respectable. So I went back.

 

Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings Book One Prologue has this passage in the prologue:
They are possessed from the first the art of disappearing swiftly and silently, when large folk whom they do not wish to meet come blundering by; and this art they have developed until to Men it may seem magical. But hobbits have not, in fact, studied magic of any kind, and their elusiveness is due solely to a professional skill that hereditary and practice, and a close friendship with the earth, have rendered inimitable by bigger and clumsier races.

 

Chapter One of The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins uses:
The last thing I needed was another mouth to feed. But Prim begged so hard, cried even, that I had to let him stay.

 

So if you feel like starting a sentence with and, but, for… feel free!

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Renee, I'm riding the fence on this one. I'm usually pretty consistent with my grammar, and all these new things which have cropped up with the rise of computers irk me to no end...but I'll cede you the Latin comment. That was the dominant language when things like rules of speech and writing became more necessary, and it was never a good fit for English. You will find endless exceptions to every 'rule'. Even Latin and Ancient Greek had exceptions to their rules, though not as many.

The bigger problem with English is that it derives from so many sources; Anglo-Saxon was a fairly versatile language, and, like today's tongue, word order wasn't always important because we still had word endings to denote what part of speech the word was, like in German today. This provides a large part of our daily speech, but there are other influences: Old Norse, medieval French, and Latin and Greek too. Each played a part in shaping what we know today as English.

French came in with William The Conqueror in 1066, and is the other large influence--you can write the same story in purely Anglo-Saxon based words, and in French-derived ones, and it is all perfectly good modern English. Latin had a double influence because many words were taken into Saxon since they were new concepts to the tribes--like minster, which was an altered form of monastery--we now have both because the Saxon word was felt to be inaccurate and so the original Latin was brought back. Go figure.

Rules of grammar change, and it wasn't that we were taught 'wrong', it's just that styles have altered, and not always for the better. Give me actual units of time which will tell me whether I need a comma, colon, semi-colon or period...or ellipses. Then I'm a happy camper.

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I love these informational postings. Even if they only serve to verify, they still add to the 'writing bank' in my head. Thank you, Cia, and Renee!

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Maybe I need to end these with: All know-it-all information compiled by Cia. Any corrections, comments, or critiques should be directed at her (especially corrections). No tomatoes, please.  :P

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Of course, if you get into more formalize publishing, it pays to know what convention your publisher prefers. Some are very rigid and expect you to follow the older rules and will make you rewrite sentences ending in prepositions and starting with conjunctions.
 

Save yourself the headache and extra work and check ahead.

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Of course, if you get into more formalize publishing, it pays to know what convention your publisher prefers. Some are very rigid and expect you to follow the older rules and will make you rewrite sentences ending in prepositions and starting with conjunctions.

 

Save yourself the headache and extra work and check ahead.

 

Great, something else I'm gonna have to start looking at before I send anything over to you!

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That is a good point. If you publish, it does benefit you to know the conventions the publisher will use when you write or plan to edit an existing piece for submission. Sometimes you can successfully argue the point however, like with these two cases where the "rule" just doesn't exist. For instance, the two main editing standards I see used are Chicago Manual of Style and Blue Book of Grammar.

 

Ending a sentence with a preposition:

CMoS 5.176 states: The traditional caveat of yesteryear against ending sentences with prepositions is, for most writers, an unnecessary and pedantic restriction ... The “rule” prohibiting terminal prepositions was an ill-founded superstition.

 

Blue Book of Grammar Prepositions Rule 1 states: One of the undying myths of English grammar is that you may not end a sentence with a preposition.

 

Beginning a sentence with a conjunction:

CMoS 5.206 states: There is a widespread beliefone with no historical or grammatical foundationthat it is an error to begin a sentence with a conjunction such as and, but, or so. (It also goes on to point, however, that it is important to be clear on when they should be used to complement or contrast the preceding statements)

 

I don't actually have a copy of the Blue Book of Grammar, and this rule isn't in their online free use section. As always, editing standards are extremely fluid, but it's good to know the information currently in use so you know if you want agree, disagree, or just avoid the situation altogether.

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Renee (or Cia!), this is so funny because just this morning I read a post from The Write Practice stating it was all right to end sentences with prepositions. They did say if the sentence makes perfect sense without the preposition, to leave it out, but otherwise it's fine to use them at the end of sentences.

 

Excellent post Renee and Cia!  These Grammar Rodeo posts are my favorite types of posts on here! :)

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This is a practice up with which I do not intend to put.

 

I think this was pretty close to the wording of Winston Churchill's response to a pedantic editor at Life.

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It's always a bit scary to read the grammar rodeo posts. I'm somewhat of a (rather old fashioned) grammar police when reading and writing in Swedish, but in English I very often just wing it, going on feeling. So I read this with one eye, realising I probably bug the hell out of my fellow English grammar nerds...

 

I'm truly sorry for any eye rolling or head shaking I've caused you all! LOL

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